A routing algorithm for nonuniform mesh network on noc 1utkarsha d. The main result of this paper, is a new routing algorithm called collaborative routing algorithm for fault tolerance in network on chip craftnoc. An efficient deterministic edge traffic distribution network. Performance comparison of xy, oe and dy ad routing. Network on chip noc is one of the efficient onchip communication architecture for system on chip soc where a large number of computational and storage blocks are integrated on a single chip. Pdf network on chip routing algorithms juha plosila. Pdf an enhanced faulttolerant routing algorithm for mesh. In proceedings of the 41st annual design automation conference, pages 260. Review of odd even routing algorithm for 2d mesh topology of. Other schemes, such as the adaptive oddeven 8, 12 and adaptive selection node.
Development of routing algorithms in networksonchip. Architecting a topperforming faulttolerant routing. Review of odd even routing algorithm for 2d mesh topology. The networkonchip noc is networkversion of systemonchip soc means that onchip communication is done through packet based networks. The maze routing is the stateoftheart solution of deflection routing for faulty chips. The main characteristics of noc topologies and the routing problem in nocs. Janardhan rao doppa, ryan gary kim, mihailo isakov, michel a.
Raed aldujaily, terrence mak, fei xia, alex yakovlev, maurizio palesi. Corresponding to the saturation point of delay, the throughput of this point is obtained and shown in fig. Introduction to network on chip routing algorithms. Every system has its own requirements for the routing algorithm. The routing algorithm of a given noc affects the performance of the system. Introduction the growing interest in networkonchip can be explained by looking ic technology and at the ever increasing demands of electronic system design. Routers route the packets based on the algorithm that they use. Networkonchip noc, the onchip components will have a higher chance to fail. A general, fault tolerant, adaptive, deadlockfree routing. Embedded systems, network on chips, routing algorithm, fault tolerance. Pdf design and analysis of routing algorithm for 3d. Application specific routing algorithms for networks on chip.
In noc topology, routing algorithm and switching are. Design and analysis of routing algorithm for 3d network on chip. Hot potato routing is an example for an algorithm that can cause a livelock. Besides, we also add a runtime on chip faulttolerant mechanism to handle permanent link failures in the network by deploying routing tables and logic that are updated upon each fault occurrence. Xy routing algorithm is distributed deterministic routing algorithm. Performance evaluation of xy and xtranc routing algorithm. Hierarchical routing routers within the same as all run the same routing algorithm e. The routing algorithm also offers different tradeoffs for achievable performance. Networkonchip architecture and routing algorithm a fully functional noc system has to be faulttolerant and free of deadlocks. Routers make the routing decisions based on the routing algorithm. Survey of dynamically reconfigurable network on chip.
The routing algorithm,which defines as the path taken by a packet between the source and the destination. In this paper we use xy routing algorithm for 2d torus topology of network on chip architecture for cbr constant bit rate random traffic. The routing algorithm is one of key researches of interconnection networks. Routing algorithms in networksonchip maurizio palesi springer. Survey of dynamically reconfigurable networkonchip. Dtbr uniforms thermal distribution and cuts down about 20% peak temperature.
A detailed and flexible cycleaccurate networkonchip simulator. Request pdf routing algorithms in networksonchip this book provides a singlesource reference to routing algorithms for networksonchip nocs. A dynamic thermalbalance routing algorithm for network. In this paper, we suggest a novel routing algorithm for networkonchip noc based on multilevel congestion control mlcc. Abstractnetworkonchip architectures emerged as promising solutions for future systemonchip communication architecture designs. Abstract network on chip is a scalable and flexible communication architecture for the design of core based systemon chip. Oddeven oe routing algorithm is distributed adaptive routing algorithm. An algorithm for packet routing in a networkonchip naren v tikare department of electronics and communication bapuji institute of electronics and communication visvesvaraya technological university shamnur road, davangere, karnataka 577004, india abstract the paper proposes a novel algorithm for a networkon chip. Ville rantala, teijo lehtonen, juha plosila, network on chip routing algorithms 20.
An enhanced faulttolerant routing algorithm for mesh network on chip. For the adaptive algorithm, the authors created a version of the oddeven routing algorithm that they named oefixed. In noc topology, routing algorithm and switching are main terminology. Cluster based hierarchical routing algorithm for network on chip. Routing is the process of forwarding of a packet in a network so that it reaches its intended destination. Routing algorithms for on chip networks pdf book manual. Review of xy routing algorithm for 2d torus topology of. Network on chip noc, the on chip components will have a higher chance to fail. Intraas routing protocol one or more routers in an as are responsible to forward packets to destinations outside as. All books are in clear copy here, and all files are secure so dont worry about it. He is currently a phd candidate of institute of computing technology, chinese academy of sciences, china. Packet delay and network throughput performance is improved using dtbr.
The glassni faulttolerant routing algorithm 8, guarantees deadlock freedom by disallowing certain turns i. Network on chip noc is one of the efficient on chip communication architecture for system on chip soc where a large number of computational and storage blocks are integrated on a single chip. Amol boke electronics and communication department, g. Pdf network on chip routing algorithms researchgate. The routing algorithm is one of the key factor in noc architecture. Communication performance of a noc heavily depends on routing algorithm. Introduction due to the exponential growth of circuit integration and increasing complexity of system on chips soc, network. The traffic pattern is a very important factor for the performance of a network. For the adaptive algorithm the authors selected the minimal oddeven routing algorithm. Moreover, our routing algorithm also ensure a deadlockfree configuration by using escape virtual channels. Adaptive routing in networkonchips using a dynamic. Performance evaluation of different routing algorithms in. Coverage emphasizes the role played by the routing algorithm and is organized around key problems affecting current and next generation, manycore socs. Review of xy routing algorithm for network on chip architecture.
To overcome this problem, the noc routing algorithm should be implemented with faulttolerant capability. In this paper the author proposed the router architecture on the basis of routing algorithm. Outline routing algorithm shortest path routing flow based routing flooding distance vector routing link state routing hierarchical routing 2 3. This algorithm is developed based on both deterministic and adaptive approach with respect to the network load. This paper presents a new logical mechanism called as cluster based hierarchical routing cbhr to improve the efficiency of noc. Introduction traditionally, system on chips socs utilize topologies based on shared buses. Networkonchip mesh topology routing algorithm adaptive routing oblivious routing yue wu received the bs degree in statistics from university of science and technology of china, china in 2006. The routing algorithms can be classified in various basis i. Cluster based hierarchical routing algorithm for network.
Onchip networks, second edition synthesis lectures on. However, the switching and routing algorithm design of networkonchip. The purpose of routing algorithm is to determine an efficient route for the data or packets. Pdf design and analysis of routing algorithm for 3d network. In this paper, we suggest a novel routing algorithm for network on chip noc based on multilevel congestion control mlcc. However, the switching and routing algorithm design of network on chip. The network on chip noc is network version of system on chip soc means that on chip communication is done through packet based networks. Routing algorithms for on chip networks atagoziyev, maksat m. Introduction the ongoing downscaling of transitor technology has allowed to integrate increasingly large numbers of electronic systems in a single chip i. Senan ece guran schmidt december 2007, 79 pages networkonchip noc is communication infrastructure for future multicore systemsonchip socs. Fault aware routing algorithm based on xy algorithm for network on chip. Adaptive routing in networkonchips using a dynamicprogramming network terrence mak, member. Finally, we simulate the method by nirgam simulator and to reduce the.
There are many kind of different algorithms for different systems to choose. Different devices with different purposes have different requirements for routing algorithms. In the network design of the noc the most essential things are a network topology and a routing algorithm. This book provides an evaluation of the different aspects and also the performance of routing algorithms. The on chip failures can cause traffic congestion and even system crash. The mazerouting is the stateoftheart solution of deflection routing for faulty chips.
Thus there have been designed several routing algorithms with various features and. Network on chip architectures emerged as promising solutions for future system on chip communication architecture designs. Routing algorithms in network on chip submitted by jayant kumar singh bearing. Pdf lowoverhead routing algorithm for 3d networkonchip. An enhanced faulttolerant routing algorithm for mesh networkonchip. The oddeven adaptive routing algorithm was proposed by chiu 00 in his paper on the oddeven turn model. Senan ece guran schmidt december 2007, 79 pages network on chip noc is communication infrastructure for future multicore systemson chip socs. Pathdiversityaware adaptive routing in networkonchip. Keywords three dimensional network on chip, 3d integrated circuits, system on chip, fault tolerant routing, tsvbased links. Adaptive routing framework for network on chip architectures. Network on chip mesh topology routing algorithm adaptive routing oblivious routing yue wu received the bs degree in statistics from university of science and technology of china, china in 2006. After a basic introduction to the noc design paradigm and. Pdf an enhanced faulttolerant routing algorithm for. Introduction traditionally, systemonchips socs utilize topologies based on shared buses.
A novel routing algorithm for networkonchip request pdf. Threedimensional 3d ics are able to obtain significant performance benefits over twodimensional 2d ics based on the electrical and mechanical properties resulting from the new geometrical arrangement. Xfa routing algorithm for network on chip monika gupta, s. In 2011 international conference on future computer sciences and application, pages 200203.
A deadlockfree dynamic thermalbalance routing algorithm dtbr is proposed. Depending on this algorithm the congestion in a network can be reduced. Oddeven routing algorithm oe routing algorithm is adaptive routing algorithm based on oddeven turn model, so that its free from deadlock. An improved faulttolerant routing algorithm for a network. Mlcc improves the routing efficiency when noc is in moderate or severe. Noc allows integrating large number of ip cores into a single chip. An efficient deterministic edge traffic distribution. Routing algorithm is an important design concept of network on chip. Read online routing algorithms for on chip networks book pdf free download link book now. Gateway routers as3 as2 3b 3c 3a as1 1c 1a 1d 1b 2a 2c 2b 3b 3c 3a 2b 2c 2a 1b 1c 1a 1d 17.
Download routing algorithms for on chip networks book pdf free download link or read online here in pdf. For example, the number of connections between nodes can be. Routing algorithms for 2d mesh networkonchip architectures. Inspired by the faulttolerant behavior of ant colony consisting of three steps. The onchip failures can cause traffic congestion and even system crash. Introduction multicore chips such as chip multiprocessors cmps 30 employ networksonchips nocs as their interconnect architecture of choice to provide ef.
Review of xy routing algorithm for networkonchip architecture. Networkonchip architectures emerged as promising solutions for future systemonchip communication architecture designs. In the proposed algorithm, the traffic which involves the edge routers will be directed to go through the edges first instead of entering into the center of the. The routing algorithm, topology and switching technique are significant because of the most influential effect on the overall performance of network on chip noc. However, the switching and routing algorithm design of networkonchip communication architectures are still facing great challenges. Communication performance of a noc depends heavily on the routing algorithm. A routing algorithm for nonuniform mesh network on noc. Routing algorithm plays as important role in performance of network on chip. Learningbased routing algorithms for onchip networks. He is currently a phd candidate of institute of computing technology, chinese academy of.
A hybrid deterministic routing algorithm for aging. Development of routing algorithms in networksonchip based on. A fault tolerant and low overhead routing algorithm. We compare our approach with acofar that considers as well congestion and. Due to the fact that circulant topologies have a regular structure, routing in them is not as difficult as, for example, in irregular networks. If the network load is low, the packet is routed using classic xy routing algorithm deterministic. A selection of routing algorithms is included, specifically designed to address key issues faced by designers in the ultradeep submicron udsm era, including performance improvement, power. Besides, we also add a runtime onchip faulttolerant mechanism to handle permanent link failures in the network by deploying routing tables and logic that are updated upon each fault occurrence.
A routing algorithm defines a route which packets traverses to get to destination. A detailed and flexible cycleaccurate networkonchip. Feb 23, 2017 outline routing algorithm shortest path routing flow based routing flooding distance vector routing link state routing hierarchical routing 2 3. Index termsnetworkonchip, fault tolerant routing, deadlockfree routing, adaptive routing i. A survey of routing algorithm for mesh networkonchip. Routing algorithm network layer linkedin slideshare. Pdf quadrantxyz routing algorithm for 3d asymmetric torus. An architectural on chip thermal model is designed. The routing algorithm, topology and switching technique are significant because of the most influential effect on the overall performance of networkonchip noc. This book looks through different processes to manage the network congestion via adaptive routing. Keywords networkonchip, chip multiprocessor, faulttolerance, routing algorithm, reliability i. Nocs have tackled the disadvantages of socs as well as they are scalable. But an efficient routing algorithm can enhance the performance of noc.